Improved cowpea cultivars which combine resistance to a. Anatomical observations were made on the structure and development of the primary haustorium of alectra vogelii. Alectra vogelii, cowpea, exudates, fertilizers, herbicides, parasitism. In order to save your mdl files to pdf, you will need to. Alectra vogelii was first reported this part of africa in 1990 mbwaga, 1991 it was not until recently when it has started to attract the attention of many scholars e. Alectra vogelii benth is a weed that parasitizes on leguminous crops such as groundnut, cowpea, bambara groundnuts, and soybeans mambosa and lagoke, 1991, kureh et al. Changing the way people view, share and work with edocuments.
Following the formation of the young secondary haustorium, both the cambium and pericycle of the host root directly opposite the young secondary haustorium are stimulated to divide and form. A new parasitic weed alectra vogelii similar to striga. Mondo manual body rev 02 2 pdfmaker magenta research. Alectra vogelii also has distinct races that differentially parasitize cowpea. Anatomical investigations were carried out on the structure and development of the mature secondary haustorium in alectra vogelii growing on arachis hypogaea or vigna unguiculata. Merging archives if you want to keep only a limited number of archives to avoid using too much space on your backup location, the merge feature will be useful to you. Pdf induced cell fate transitions at multiple cell layers. The benefit of vigiv treatment of other vaccinia complications that include vaccinia keratitis should be weighed against the. Johnson controls redesigns its production strategy with lectra. Parasitic angiosperm alectra vogelii benth is a growing problem in malawi, particularly with current emphasis on legumes. Witchweed alectra vogelii, an obligate root parasite, is one of the major constraints to cowpea production in subsaharan africa including botswana. Pdf alectra vogelii benth is parasitic weed which causes. A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops including grain legumes. Alectra vogelii benth is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reduction in cowpea.
Correlation coefficients between kernel yield of groundnut arachis hypogaeal. Response of cowpea genotypes to alectra vogelii parasitism in kenya. Nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii infestation. American journal of research communication, 2014, 22. Combining several control methods, as in the management of striga spp in western kenya should be a sustainable option. Up to 100% yield losses of susceptible varieties have been observed in some farmers fields. Ultra pdf merger is portable which means you dont have to install anything, just download it, extract its content and run it. However, cowpea production is seriously hampered by several constraints among which is the parasitic weed alectra vogelii. Then specify the files to be merged in the window that pops up. Hover a pdf file and hold your mouses left button to move it up or down.
Pdf nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii infestation. Potential of imazaquin seed treatment for control of striga gesnerioides and alectra vogelii in cowpea vigna unguiculata. Trapcrops produce the alectra germination stimulant in their root exudates but are not susceptible to attack by the parasite seedlings. Go to the physical view and select your three archives. Parasitic weeds of the families orobanchaceae aeginetia, orobanche, broomrape and scrophulariaceae alectra, striga, witchweed are considered to be among the most serious agricultural pests of economic importance in many parts of the world. In burkina faso, cowpea serves as both a food and cash crop generating significant income for stakeholders. Case study embraer highlights e mbraer, based in brazil, is one of the worlds largest aircraft manufacturers, employing approximately 19,000 staff worldwide their original cam system was purchased in the late 1990s to drive both their cnc routers and a lectra conveyor knife cutter. The crop is extensively grown in the dry land tropics were its grain is used as. Inheritance of resistance to alectra vogelii in cowpeas vigna. The objective of this study was to identify the type of gene action controlling the trait for resistance to alectra vogelii in cowpea and estimate the heritability of the trait. In the first experiment, mkanakaufiti, it99k72122xit82e16, sudan 1 and it82e16 were grown in alectra infested and.
The parasitic weed alectra vogelii is a wide spread constraint to cowpea production in semiarid areas of southern africa, where the crop is an important source of protein for resource poor farmers. Participatory market led cowpea breeding in sub saharan. Ultra pdf merger is a freeware pdf utility that joins your pdf files, or part of them, together. Breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the major component of an integrated control strategy. Pdf a1ab, pdf a2abu, pdf a3abu pdf ua iso 14289 create and manipulate tagged pdf. It is a windows application and it runs on both 32bit and 64bit systems. The effect of simulated drought on the germination of striga hermonthica and alectra vogelii was studied in growth cabinets. Tolerant variety of cowpea are not seriously affected by alectra vogelii by hosting a few no of alectra after emergence. Compatibility of alectra vogelii with different leguminous. Screening of alectra vogelii ecotypes on legume and non. Structure and development of the primary haustorium in. Weed risk assessment for alectra vogelii yellow witchweed ver. Estimate of general combining ability gca for number of alectra shoots.
Pdf indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii benth. It is a common parasite of peanut in angola, burkina faso, malawi, mozambique. Alectra vogelii benth is parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpea vigna unguiculatawalp in africa. Scrophulariaceae is a serious root hemiparasite of cowpea, groundnut, bambaranut and soybean. Jul 03, 2018 triangulos rectangulos notables download as word doc. In botswana, grain or fodder cultivars of pearl millet and bambara, which is not attacked by the local biotype of the parasite, are potent stimulators of a. Hence, the objective of the experiment was the identification of phylogenetically differences and differential responses of a. Pdf indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii. Alternatively, you can press upload pdfs button to select pdf files.
Control of alectra is difficult because of its enormous seed reserve in the soil that can germinate. Identification of sources of resistance to alectra vogelii. A project aiming to develop and promote alectra resistant cowpea cultivars was initiated in malawi and tanzania. Cowpea is one of the most important food legumes and is widely adapted to semiarid environments in africa. Upon germination, the growth of cuscuta seedlings is directed toward volatile compounds released from nearby tomato plants aboveground at left. Jan 16, 2017 powerstream is merging with three other utilities and it could result in some savings on hydro bills. Cowpea, alectra vogelii, resistancetolerance and grain yield. It also aimed to identify functional groups in the powdered. However, resistance against most parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making breeding for resistance a difficult task.
Alectra vogelii has been the major constraint known to attack leguminous species especially to cowpea production. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of alectra vogelii. Response of soybean genotypes to alectra vogelii infestation under natural field conditions i. Therefore, two studies were set in order to understand the possible mechanisms of resistance in cowpea genotypes on their reaction to the parasitic weed. Seven genotypes of cowpea were mated in half diallel and their f2 progeny, including. Alectra vogeliibenth is parasitic weed which causes significant yield. The entire blend of tomato volatiles at least seven compounds is most attractive, but three compounds from this blend.
Medicago truncatula as a model for studying interactions. Pdf merge free is the best online service to join your pdfs into one. Alectra vogelii benth, obligate, rootparasitic flowering plants of the. Triangulos rectangulos notables download as word doc. It82d849, it86d534, it89kd245, kano 1696 and sampea7. Therefore, the development of cowpea cultivars that combine end. Alectra vogelii are regarded as the most common yield reducers in cowpea production. Benth is a parasitic weed in the family scrophulariaceae that causes substantial damage by attaching onto the cowpea, vigna unguiculata l.
Twelve days after infection, by transferring a germinating seed of the parasite directly onto the host. Objection to the application from lilongwe university of. Vigiv is not indicated for the treatment of isolated keratitis. Alectra vogelii is a root parasitic weed mainly on economically important leguminous crops in a large part of the african continent. Cowpea pests and diseases by international institute of. Submersible variable fluorescence system users manual revision f october 6, 2008 pn. Therefore, a screenhouse study was conducted to determine the virulence of different ecotypes of a. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of root exudates from cowpea, groundnut, maize, sorghum and pearl millet genotypes on the germination and attachment of alectra vogelii.
Development and promotion of alectra resistant cowpea. Despite the number of early microscopic studies, the developmental origin of cells in haustoria remains. Enersource, horizon utilities, powerstream will merge to create alectra. Pdf response of alectra vogelii benth to different crop. Pdf mergy merge pdf files pdf mergy webapp to merge pdf. With special reference to the germination of its seeds. Screening for resistance mechanisms in cowpea genotypes on. It was found in association with groundnut growing on gravelly red sandy loam. Screening techniques and sources of resistance against. Scrophulariaceae is a vascular hemiparasite of various leguminous crops in africa, including peanut arachis hypogaea, bambara groundnut vigna subterranea, cowpea vigna unguiculata, common bean phaseolus vulgaris, soybean glycine max, and mung bean vigna radiata 1. Alectra vogelii, nitrogen, poultry droppings, correlation citation.
Pdf nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii. Alectra vogelii, a threat to bambara groundnut production in singida and dodoma regions, tanzania article pdf available january 2016 with 294 reads how we measure reads. There is therefore an urgent need to identify alectra resistant genotypes, possessing farmers desired traits, in cowpea germplasm in burkina faso. Material science and metallurgy by kodgire pdf scoop. It is a municipally owned corporation with shares in varying amounts held by the municipalities which owned its predecessor companies when it was founded, alectra was described as the second largest. The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows. Pdf alectra vogelii, a threat to bambara groundnut. Although presently, alectra infestation is considered less dramatic than that of striga, total yield loss is not uncommon in fields heavily infested by these parasites when susceptible varieties of cowpea are planted.
Screening for resistance mechanisms in cowpea genotypes. Submersible variable fluorescence system users manual. Nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii infestation article pdf available in african crop science journal 244. The most commonly sought after traits were large sized seeds 17%, resistance to alectra and producing high yields both 15. The genus striga includes about 40 species, of which 11. The ability of the root parasite alectra vogelii benth. Lectra in fashion with over 40 years experience in fashion and apparel, lectras mission is to provide a complete spectrum of design, development and production solutions to confront 21stcentury challenges. Alectra vogelii collections were sourced from three agroecological zones and tested against.
Mastercardvisa credit card issuers top issuers of u. Here is a quick look at some of the basic panels on the screen. Alectra vogelii benth is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reduction in. Alectra incorporated, through its subsidiary alectra utilities corporation, is an electricity utility and distributor that serves several municipalities in the golden horseshoe region of ontario. General combining ability gca effects and specific combining ability sca effects for both alectra emergency and infestation.
Alectra vogelii, genetic variability, host resistance, cowpea. You will find detailed information on all these capabilities in later sections of this manual. Progress on management of parasitic weeds abuelgasim. How to merge pdf files coming to how to merge pdf files, the user has to open the desired pdf files in an automated tool, and then choose the first page of the merged document. Alectra vogelii benth is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpeas vignaunguiculatawalp in most of the subsaharan african countries. Several sources of resistance have been identified, including b 301, a landrace from botswana that has shown complete resistance to both striga and alectra.
Crop science abstract inheritance of alectra resistance. Powerstream, three other utilities to merge ctv news. Screening of alectra vogelii ecotypes on legume and nonlegume. Cowpea pests and diseases published on nov 20, 2011 this booklet is intended as a guide to the field recognition of cowpea pests and diseases for use both by agricultural research and cowpea p. From first creative spark to final product, our professional services address an endtoend process. Alectra vogelii is an annual parasitic herb with a wide host range, and it attacks economically important leguminous crops such as glycine max soybean, vigna unguiculata.
Its development involves a mutual aggressive growth of both the host and parasite tissues resulting in the formation of a very large and complex tuberous organ. Current approaches to alectra vogelii control in cowpea. New hosts of the parasitic flowering plant, alectra. Pdf merge free online free online tool to joinmerge. Field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to investigate the effect of striga gesnerioides and alectra vogelii on the grain mineral elements concentration of five cowpea varieties at harvest. Generate and manipulate pdf documents, compliant with.
362 63 1236 1378 889 179 637 344 1243 1134 1308 1219 479 718 133 442 1319 1182 70 400 10 125 907 21 513 1086 135 726 480